Education

PDL ® Laser Treatment

1. WHAT IS PDL® LASER SURFACE TREATMENT

PDL ® Laser Surface Treatment

Biomate laser surface treatment is a thermal processing technique, which applies high energy density laser (up to 1700 ﾟC ), focusing on the metal surface to fuse and evaporate the surface with heat. This technique can form unique 3D pores with micro-nano & microchannel texture on the implant surface, suitable for the adhesion and growth of osteocytes that help increase the contact surface area of the bone and fixture, optimizing the effect of cell proliferation and osseointegration.
 

Comparison of Surface Treatments

SLA Surface Treatment RBM Surface Treatment PDL Laser Surface Treatment

Osteocytes guide growth directionality
on PDL® laser treated surface. 

Demonstrated by Research from the National Yangming-Chiaotung University, Taiwan

PDL laser-treated surface  

 PDL laser-treated surface  

SLA-treated surface

2. PDL® LASER CREATES SPECIAL FEATURES.

 A. Laser creates a thicker oxide layer to optimize protein adsorption and cell adhesion and regeneration

Demonstrated by Research from National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan
This argument was subsequently substantiated by further research from numerous scholars.  Laser treatment produces an oxide layer called TiO2. The TiO2 layer with anatase texture can effectively increase the adsorption of protein and enhance the osteoblast adhesion and proliferation, promoting calcification during the bone healing process. 

Compared to the 5.5-9.3nm oxide layer of Straumann implants, the oxide layer of BiomateSWISS implants is significantly thicker (110 nm), resulting in superior healing capability of the dental implant.

TEM analysis -Top of groove ( ridge area): 110nm Bottom of groove: 45nm

Source: INTERNATIONAL DENTAL MATERIALS CONGRESS, NOVEMBER 4-5, 2021

https://www.biomate-iai.org/index.php?option=module&lang=en&task=pageinfo&id=447&index=3

B. Laser treatment creates a harder surface than SLA-treated one

Demonstrated by Research from National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan
According to a study conducted by Mahidol University on the changes in the surface of posterior dental implants, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that Biomate Plus implants showed only minor damage. These damages included peeling, pits, and deformations. In contrast, SLA implants exhibited more pits, deformations, and fused areas compared to Biomate Plus. These defects were particularly noticeable in the threaded tip corresponding to the self-tapping design. Biomate Plus surfaces lacked sharp irregularities at the micro level, making them less susceptible to damage under high torque forces at macro-nano roughness levels. Conversely, SLA surfaces typically displayed sharp irregularities, which inevitably deformed under compressive forces. This demonstrates that Biomate Plus implant surfaces possess greater resistance to physical stresses, ensuring that implant retrieval and reinsertion during clinical applications do not compromise the implants.

PDL® Laser Treated Surface
SLA Treated Surface

Data source:

Topography alteration of different implant surfaces after an installation Topography analysis and surface alteration after insertion oflaser surface treated implant: a preliminary study, Sakanus Vijintanawan, Teeranut Chaiyasamut, Suphachai Suphangul, Natthamet Wongsirichat, M Dent J 2020; 40 (2) : 95-1
Journal URL download link

C. Laser creates an ultra-clean surface, with no harmful residues on the surface. 

Demonstrated by Research from National Chung Hsing University
Compared to SLA treatment, laser treatment only applies energy without any chemicals. The X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) analysis by National Chung Shing University demonstrates that the only residues on BiomateSwiss implants are Ti, N, O, and C (which are from the environment). Other commercial implants all show the chemical residuals from the processing procedures. 

Biomate: Ti.N.O.C / Xixx: Ti.Si.N.O.C / Nobel Biocare: Ti.P.N.S.O.C / Straumann: Ti.Si.Zr.N.O.C

Data Source:
1st BIOMATE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM OF IMPLANT DENTISTRY, DECEMBER 7-9, 2018, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

3. ABOUT TORQUE & STABILITY CREATING BONE FASTER HEALING

PDL® Laser treatment performs the faster bone formation effect. 
Demonstrated by Research from Cairo University
No need to pursue high torque above 50Ncm anymore, you can do immediate placement and loading!
Laser-treated implants can shorten and reduce the initial ISQ drop time and decrease the chance of early failure.


 

Data Source:
1st BIOMATE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM OF IMPLANT DENTISTRY, DECEMBER 7-9, 2018, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Journal URL download link

PDL® Laser treatment performs the faster bone formation effect. 
Demonstrated by Research from Cairo Universit

The patented PDL® laser surface treatment is the best choice to greatly improve early bone mineralization ability.  In the extracellular assay analysis shows in 18th Days expresss much high mineralization than other treated surfaces..

Data Source:

Titanium Surfaces with a Laser-Produced Microchannel Structure Enhance Pre-Osteoblast Proliferation, Maturation, and Extracellular Mineralization In Vitro, Yi-Wen Chen, Tao Chiang, I-Hui Chen, Da-Yo Yuh, Hsiu-Yang Tseng, Chuang-Wei Wang, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2024, 25, 338 And Hsin-Han Hou, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2024, 25, 3388
Journal URL download link

4. ABOUT CELL, HYDROPHILICITY & BIOCOMPATIBILITY

The structure of PDL® Laser-treated surface is enhancing Osseointegration.
Demonstrate by research from Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
PDL® Laser treatment can promote adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of MG-63 cells.

Data Source:

Enhanced biocompatible and hemocompatible nano/micro porous as a biological scaffold for functionalization and bio-integrated implant, Shu-Fen Chu, Min-Tsan Huang Keng-Liang Ou, Erwan Sugiatno, Han-Yi Cheng, Wen-Ta Chiu, Tsan-Hon Liou l, (2016), Journal of Alloys and Compounds Volume 684, 5 November 2016, Pages 726-732
Journal URL download link

The structure of PDL® Laser treated surface is enhancing Osseointegration

Demonstrate by research from Taiwan University, Taiwan 

The laser-treated surface significantly enhances pre-osteoblast proliferation, promotes mRNA and protein expression/secretion of COL1, SPP1, DCN, and TNFRSF11B, and facilitates extracellular mineralization. These findings strongly indicate that laser-treated titanium surfaces have profound beneficial effects on pre-osteoblast maturation and bone integration, highlighting substantial clinical application potential.

 

Figure 2. Enhanced pre-osteoblast proliferation on L-treated titanium surfaces. The 2.3 × 105 preosteoblast cells

Figure 3. L-treated titanium surface upregulation of the expression of osteogenic differentiation markers in pre-osteoblasts obtained via a qPCR assay.

Figure 4. L-treated titanium surface upregulation of the expression of osteogenic differentiation markers in pre-osteoblasts obtained using a Western blot assay. 

Figure 5. L-treated titanium surface promotion of osteogenic differentiation marker secretion osteoblasts. 

Data Source:

Titanium Surfaces with a Laser-Produced Microchannel Structure Enhance Pre-Osteoblast Proliferation, Maturation, and Extracellular Mineralization In Vitro, Yi-Wen Chen, Tao Chiang, I-Hui Chen, Da-Yo Yuh, Hsiu-Yang Tseng, Chuang-Wei Wang, and Hsin-Han Hou, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2024, 25, 3388
 

4. ABOUT CELL, HYDROPHILICITY & BIOCOMPATIBILITY

The structure of PDL® Laser treated surface is enhancing Osseointegration

Demonstrate by research from Mahidol University, Thailand

The lack of cell maturity and cell adhesion in Biohorizons samples is still unknown. The presence of organic particles on the BIOMATE implants did not deter cell maturation in this invitro experiment. The advantages of laser surface treatments are numerous, but different structures also yield different cell

For BiomateSWISS, PDL® micro-nanostructure enables excellent performance in both soft and hard tissues.

For Bioxxxxxxx, the shallow groove structure of Laser-Lok emphasizes soft tissue growth

Data Source:

The Affinity of Human Fetal Osteoblast to Laser-Modified Titanium Implant Fixtures, Lee Kian Khoo, Sirichai Kiattavorncharoen, Verasak Pairuchvej, Nisanat Lakkhanachatpan, Natthamet Wongsirichat and Dutmanee Seriwatanachai, The Open Dentistry Journal, 2020, Volume 14 52-58
Journal URL download link
 

 

5. ABOUT ANGIOGENESIS

PDL ® laser-treated implant reveals more MSCs attachment and more angiogenesis
Demonstrated by research from National Defense University, Taiwan

 

Prof. Dr. Yu Dayou at the Department of Dentistry at the National Defense University pointed out in his study that PDL laser-treated surfaces showed more MSCs attachment and more angiogenesis. This phenomenon also is seen in the SEM from an early failure PDL implant due to an accident. The laser-treated surface structure has a higher affinity for periodontal ligament cells, inducing better peri-implant angiogenesis in vitro. 

 
Source: 1st BIOMATE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM OF IMPLANT DENTISTRY, DECEMBER 7-9, 2018, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

6. ABOUT ANGIOGENESIS

Bone loss is much lower compared to implants with SLA surface treatments

Demonstrated by research from Cairo University, Egypt

According to the discussion of the study, it concludes that laser treated implant surfaces have  significant marginal bone stability compared to SLA treated implant surfaces.

6M Bone Loss:   SLA 0.58 > Laser 0.09

12M Bone Loss:  SLA 1.03 > Laser 0.18

 

Figure (8): Comparison of bone loss between the same group at different observation times

Figure (9): Comparison of bone loss between both groups at different observation times

Data Source:

Effect of Different Implant Surface Treatments on Bony Changes around Mandibular Implants for Completely Edentulous Patients: A Split-Mouth Comparative Study, Marwan Abdelsalam, Amal Fathy Kaddah, Samer Mostafa Ali, Doaa Alkady1, (2016), Journal of Alloys and Compounds Volume 684, 5 November 2016, Pages 726-732
Journal URL download link
 

 

7. ABOUT BACTERIAL THERAPY & BIOFILM REDUCTION

PDL ®Laser-treated surfaces showed the lowest biofilm formation

Demonstrated by research from Milan University, Italy

Based on the research on bacterial membranes at the University of Milan, the PDL® laser-treated surface was compared with another Geass laser surface and a machined surface, a polished surface, and a sandblasted surface, a total of five surfaces to compare the formation and amount of biofilm. This study demonstrates that “Laser micro-texturing of titanium surfaces created surface microtopographies and influenced surface chemical composition. Both microtextures were equally effective in reducing biofilm formation and should be further investigated for their capacity of preventing peri-implantitis in vivo.”

Data Source:

Laser micro-texturing of titanium surfaces for reduced oral biofilm formation, Andrei C. IONESCU*, Eugenio BRAMBILLAOral, PRESENTATION ON CED-IADR/NOF Hybrid Oral Health Research Congress in Brussels, September 16-18, 2021

8. ABOUT BONE TO IMPLANT CONTACT

Higher BIC (Bone to Implant Contact) rate

Demonstrated by research from Taipei University, Taiwan

PDL ® Laser Surface treatment applies precise parametric design. Through high efficacy, laser luminous energy strikes qualitative micro-nano, complex 3D texture that helps increase the contact surface area of the bone and fixture optimizes the effect of cell proliferation and osseointegration.

Data Source: 

Technical Laboratory, Research & Development Department, Biomate Medical Devices Technology Co. Ltd.
 

The bone contact area of PDL laser micro-nanostructured implants is superior to other implants!