PDL ® Laser Treatment

PDL ® Laser Treatment

1. WHAT IS PDL® LASER SURFACE TREATMENT

PDL ® Laser Surface Treatment

Biomate laser surface treatment is a thermal processing technique, which applies high energy density laser (up to 1700 ﾟC ), focusing on the metal surface to fuse and evaporate the surface with heat. This technique can form unique 3D pores with micro-nano & microchannel texture on the implant surface, suitable for the adhesion and growth of osteocytes that help increase the contact surface area of the bone and fixture, optimizing the effect of cell proliferation and osseointegration.

Comparison of Surface Treatments

SLA Surface Treatment

RBM Surface Treatment

PDL Laser Surface Treatment

Osteocytes guide growth directionality
on PDL® laser treated surface. 

Demonstrated by Research from the National Yangming-Chiaotung University, Taiwan

PDL laser-treated surface  

 PDL laser-treated surface  

SLA-treated surface

 2. PDL® LASER CREATES SPECIAL FEATURES.

 A. Laser creates a thicker oxide layer to optimize protein adsorption and cell adhesion and regeneration

This argument was subsequently substantiated by further research from numerous scholars.  Laser treatment produces an oxide layer called TiO2. The TiO2 layer with anatase texture can effectively increase the adsorption of protein and enhance the osteoblast adhesion and proliferation, promoting calcification during the bone healing process. 

Compared to the 5.5-9.3nm oxide layer of Straumann implants, the oxide layer of BiomateSWISS implants is significantly thicker (110 nm), resulting in superior healing capability of the dental implant.

TEM analysis -Top of groove ( ridge area): 110nm Bottom of groove: 45nm

B. Laser treatment creates a harder surface than SLA-treated one

 According to a study conducted by Mahidol University on the changes in the surface of posterior dental implants, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that Biomate Plus implants showed only minor damage. These damages included peeling, pits, and deformations. In contrast, SLA implants exhibited more pits, deformations, and fused areas compared to Biomate Plus. These defects were particularly noticeable in the threaded tip corresponding to the self-tapping design. Biomate Plus surfaces lacked sharp irregularities at the micro level, making them less susceptible to damage under high torque forces at macro-nano roughness levels. Conversely, SLA surfaces typically displayed sharp irregularities, which inevitably deformed under compressive forces. This demonstrates that Biomate Plus implant surfaces possess greater resistance to physical stresses, ensuring that implant retrieval and reinsertion during clinical applications do not compromise the implants.

PDL® Laser Treated Surface SLA Treated Surface
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Source:
BANGKOK INTERNATIONAL DENTAL IMPLANT SYMPOSIUM; 2019

C. Laser creates an ultra-clean surface, with no harmful residues on the surface. 

Compared to SLA treatment, laser treatment only applies energy without any chemicals. The X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) analysis by National Chung Shing University demonstrates that the only residues on BiomateSwiss implants are Ti, N, O, and C (which are from the environment). Other commercial implants all show the chemical residuals from the processing procedures. 

Biomate: Ti.N.O.C / Xixx: Ti.Si.N.O.C / Noxxx xxxxxxx: Ti.P.N.S.O.C / Straxxxxx: Ti.Si.Zr.N.O.C
Source:
1st BIOMATE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM OF IMPLANT DENTISTRY, DECEMBER 7-9, 2018, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

3. ABOUT TORQUE & STABILITY CREATING BONE FASTER HEALING

PDL® Laser treatment performs the faster bone formation effect. 

Demonstrated by Research from Cairo University, Egypt, and Taiwan University

No need to pursue high torque above 50Ncm anymore, you can do immediate placement and loading!

Laser-treated implants can shorten and reduce the initial ISQ drop time and decrease the chance of early failure.


The patented PDL® laser surface treatment is the best choice to greatly improve early bone mineralization ability.  In the extracellular assay, analysis shows that 18th Days express much higher mineralization than other treated surfaces.


 

4. ABOUT CELL, HYDROPHILICITY & BIOCOMPATIBILITY

The structure of PDL® Laser-treated surface is enhancing Osseointegration.

Demonstrated by research from Mahidol University(Thailand), Taipei Medical University(Taiwan), and Taiwan University(Taiwan).

PDL® Laser treatment can promote adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of MG-63 cells.

The laser-treated surface significantly enhances pre-osteoblast proliferation, promotes mRNA and protein expression/secretion of COL1, SPP1, DCN, and TNFRSF11B, and facilitates extracellular mineralization. These findings strongly indicate that laser-treated titanium surfaces have profound beneficial effects on pre-osteoblast maturation and bone integration, highlighting substantial clinical application potential.

 

Figure 2. Enhanced pre-osteoblast proliferation on L-treated titanium surfaces. The 2.3 × 105 preosteoblast cells

Figure 3. L-treated titanium surface upregulation of the expression of osteogenic differentiation markers in pre-osteoblasts obtained via a qPCR assay.

Figure 4. L-treated titanium surface upregulation of the expression of osteogenic differentiation markers in pre-osteoblasts obtained using a Western blot assay. 

Figure 5. L-treated titanium surface promotion of osteogenic differentiation marker secretion osteoblasts. 

4. ABOUT CELL, HYDROPHILICITY & BIOCOMPATIBILITY

The lack of cell maturity and cell adhesion in Bioxxxxxxx samples is still unknown. The presence of organic particles on the BIOMATE implants did not deter cell maturation in this in-vitro experiment. The advantages of laser surface treatments are numerous, but different structures also yield different cell attachment effects.

For BiomateSWISS, PDL® micro-nanostructure enables excellent performance in both soft and hard tissues.

For Bioxxxxxxx, the shallow groove structure of Laser-Lok emphasizes soft tissue growth

5. ABOUT ANGIOGENESIS

PDL ® laser-treated implant reveals more MSCs attachment and more angiogenesis

 

Demonstrated by research from the National Defense University, Taiwan.

Prof. Dr. Yu Dayou at the Department of Dentistry at the National Defense University pointed out in his study that PDL laser-treated surfaces showed more MSCs attachment and more angiogenesis. This phenomenon also is seen in the SEM from an early failure PDL implant due to an accident. The laser-treated surface structure has a higher affinity for periodontal ligament cells, inducing better peri-implant angiogenesis in vitro. 

 

6. ABOUT ANGIOGENESIS

Bone loss is much lower compared to implants with SLA surface treatments

DEMONSTRATED BY RESEARCH FROM CAIRO UNIVERSITY, EGYPT
According To The Discussion Of The Study, It Concludes That Laser-treated Implant Surfaces Have Significant Marginal Bone Stability Compared To Sla-treated Implant Surfaces.

6M Bone Loss:   SLA 0.58 > Laser 0.09

12M Bone Loss:  SLA 1.03 > Laser 0.18

 

Figure (8): Comparison of bone loss between the same group at different observation times

Figure (9): Comparison of bone loss between both groups at different observation times

7. ABOUT BACTERIAL THERAPY & BIOFILM REDUCTION

PDL ®Laser-treated surfaces showed the lowest biofilm formation

Demonstrated by research from Milan University, Italy

Based on the research on bacterial membranes at the University of Milan, the PDL® laser-treated surface was compared with another Geass laser surface and a machined surface, a polished surface, and a sandblasted surface, a total of five surfaces to compare the formation and amount of biofilm. This study demonstrates that “Laser micro-texturing of titanium surfaces created surface microtopographies and influenced surface chemical composition. Both microtextures were equally effective in reducing biofilm formation and should be further investigated for their capacity of preventing peri-implantitis in vivo.”


 

8. ABOUT BONE TO IMPLANT CONTACT

Higher BIC (Bone to Implant Contact) rate

Demonstrated by research from Taipei University, Taiwan

PDL ® Laser Surface treatment applies precise parametric design. Through high efficacy, laser luminous energy strikes qualitative micro-nano, complex 3D texture that helps increase the contact surface area of the bone and fixture optimizes the effect of cell proliferation and osseointegration.

The bone contact area of PDL laser micro-nanostructured implants is superior to other implants!